The President may award a distinguished-service cross of appropriate design, with ribbons and appurtenances, to a person who, while serving in any capacity with the Army, distinguishes himself by extraordinary heroism not justifying the award of a medal of honor—
(1)
while engaged in an action against an enemy of the United States;
(2)
while engaged in military operations involving conflict with an opposing foreign force; or
(3)
while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the United States is not a belligerent party.