It is prohibited for any person—
(1)
to provide, attempt to provide, or offer to provide any kickback;
(2)
to solicit, accept, or attempt to accept any kickback; or
(3)
to include, directly or indirectly, the amount of any kickback prohibited by clause (1) or (2) in the contract price charged by a subcontractor to a prime contractor or a higher tier subcontractor or in the contract price charged by a prime contractor to the United States.